- Adaptively Transforming (P5)
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Adapting and transforming to changing needs through manageable solutions, adaptive capacity, flexible management, and allowing for human discretion in decision-making. See: Principles | Australia Bridge, USA Broward County, EU CyberSecurity
- AECOM
- Global infrastructure consulting firm; joint venture partner overseeing Singapore DTSS Phase 2. See: Singapore DTSS
- AI — Artificial Intelligence
- The simulation of human intelligence by computer systems. Used in smart infrastructure for threat detection, predictive maintenance, traffic management, and operational optimisation. See: China Urban Mobility, EU CyberSecurity
- BBM / BM — Bus-Bike-Metro / Bus-Metro
- Multimodal transit network configurations studied for commuter flow optimisation around metro stations. See: China Urban Mobility
- Build Back Better
- The principle of using disaster recovery as an opportunity to rebuild infrastructure to higher standards of resilience, rather than simply restoring it to its pre-disaster state. See: Australia Bridge
- Black & Veatch
- Engineering firm; joint venture partner with AECOM on Singapore DTSS Phase 2. See: Singapore DTSS
- CBA — Cost-Benefit Analysis
- A systematic method for comparing the costs and benefits of infrastructure investments. Used to justify resilience expenditure by quantifying avoided losses and economic returns. See: USA Broward County
- CCC — China Compulsory Certification
- Mandatory product safety certification for EV charging equipment in China, effective August 2026. See: China EV Charging
- CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- US federal agency that provides the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) used in Broward County risk mapping. See: USA Broward County
- CER — Critical Entities Resilience Directive
- EU Directive 2022/2557 aiming to strengthen the resilience of critical entities against natural hazards, terrorist attacks, insider threats, and sabotage. See: EU CyberSecurity
- Climate Adaptation
- The process of adjusting infrastructure, practices, and strategies to manage the effects of climate change, including rising temperatures, sea level rise, and extreme weather events. See: Australia Climate, USA Broward County
- Continually Learning and Improving (P6)
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Developing and updating understanding and insight into infrastructure resilience by exposing and validating assumptions, monitoring and intervening appropriately, analysing and learning from events, and conducting stress tests. See: Principles | Australia Climate, USA Challenger
- COP28
- 28th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Dubai in 2023. Broward County was launched as the 101st Resilient Cities Network member at COP28. See: USA Broward County
- CRO — Chief Resilience Officer
- A dedicated leadership role for coordinating resilience strategy across an organisation or municipality. See: USA Broward County
- DIR — Design for Infrastructure Resilience
- The research framework underlying this wiki, focusing on how infrastructure can be designed, built, and managed to withstand and recover from disruptions.
- Digital Twin
- A virtual replica of a physical system that receives real-time data for monitoring, simulation, and predictive analytics. Enables scenario modelling and early warning. See: Singapore DTSS
- DORA — Digital Operational Resilience Act
- EU regulation for the financial sector’s digital resilience, requiring financial entities to manage ICT-related risks. See: EU CyberSecurity
- DTSS — Deep Tunnel Sewerage System
- Singapore’s 206 km underground used-water superhighway connecting to three water reclamation plants. A national-scale infrastructure system with a 100-year design life. See: Singapore DTSS
- Endogenous Hazard
- A risk originating from within the infrastructure system itself, such as design flaws, component failure, organisational dysfunction, or human error. Contrast with exogenous hazard. See: USA Challenger
- ENISA — European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
- Provides guidance and coordinates cyber resilience across EU member states. See: EU CyberSecurity
- Environmentally Integrated (P3)
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Working in a positively integrated way with the natural environment by minimising environmental impact, using environmental solutions, integrating ecosystem information, maintaining natural systems, and using local sustainable resources. See: Principles | Singapore DTSS, Australia Bridge, China Hydraulic
- EV — Electric Vehicle
- A vehicle powered by an electric motor drawing energy from rechargeable batteries or fuel cells. See: China EV Charging
- EVCIPA — EV Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance
- Chinese industry body promoting electric vehicle charging infrastructure development. See: China EV Charging
- Exogenous Hazard
- A risk originating from outside the infrastructure system, such as natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, hurricanes), climate change, or cyberattacks. Contrast with endogenous hazard. See: USA Broward County, Australia Climate
- FEMA — Federal Emergency Management Agency
- US federal agency providing Community Resilience Disaster Zones data used in Broward County planning and risk prioritisation. See: USA Broward County
- GIS — Geographic Information System
- Technology for capturing, storing, analysing, and displaying spatial and geographic data. Used in risk mapping and infrastructure planning. See: USA Broward County
- Green Infrastructure
- Natural or semi-natural systems that provide environmental services such as stormwater management, urban cooling, and flood attenuation. Examples include rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavements, and urban forests. See: USA Broward County, China Hydraulic
- HDPE — High-Density Polyethylene
- Corrosion-resistant polymer material used for tunnel linings in wastewater infrastructure to withstand chemical exposure over long design lives. See: Singapore DTSS
- IDS — Intrusion Detection System
- Security technology that monitors network traffic for suspicious activity and potential cyber threats. See: EU CyberSecurity
- IoT — Internet of Things
- Network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity for real-time data exchange. Widely used in smart infrastructure for monitoring and control. See: China EV Charging, China Urban Mobility
- ISO 22372:2025
- International standard: Security and resilience — Community resilience — Guidelines for infrastructure resilience. Developed by ISO/TC 292 with the contribution of UNDRR. The first global standard for infrastructure resilience, built on the six UNDRR Principles for Resilient Infrastructure (P1–P6). Provides practical guidance for planning, maintaining, and improving infrastructure resilience across sectors and borders. See: ISO 22372:2025 | Principles, Assessment
- ISO/IEC 27001
- International standard for information security management systems (ISMS). Specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving information security. See: EU CyberSecurity
- IWMF — Integrated Waste Management Facility
- Facility at Tuas, Singapore, integrating used water treatment with solid waste processing for resource recovery. See: Singapore DTSS
- LANDSAT 8
- NASA/USGS Earth observation satellite providing temperature, vegetation, and land-use data. Used in Broward County for heat risk mapping via thermal imagery. See: USA Broward County
- MIIT — Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- Chinese government ministry responsible for industrial policy, including EV charging standards and digital infrastructure regulation. See: China EV Charging
- NASA — National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- US federal agency responsible for space exploration, aeronautics, and space science. Managed the Space Shuttle programme including the Challenger mission. See: USA Challenger
- NCRAS — National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy
- Australia’s national framework for anticipating, managing, and adapting to climate change across all infrastructure sectors. See: Australia Climate
- NDRC — National Development and Reform Commission
- Chinese government agency responsible for macroeconomic planning and policy, including driving EV charging infrastructure investment. See: China EV Charging
- NEWater
- Singapore’s brand of high-grade reclaimed water, purified from treated used water through advanced membrane and UV technologies. Supplies approximately 40% of the nation’s water needs, projected to increase to 55%. See: Singapore DTSS
- NIS2 — Network and Information Security Directive 2
- EU Directive 2022/2555 replacing NIS1, establishing EU-wide cybersecurity requirements for critical infrastructure sectors. Estimated implementation cost of €31.2 billion per year across member states. See: EU CyberSecurity
- NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology
- US federal agency that develops cybersecurity frameworks, standards, and guidelines widely referenced internationally. See: EU CyberSecurity
- O-ring
- A circular gasket used to create a seal between components. The failure of O-ring seals in the Solid Rocket Boosters, caused by cold temperatures, was the direct cause of the 1986 Challenger disaster. See: USA Challenger
- PKI — Public Key Infrastructure
- Framework for managing digital certificates and encryption keys to secure communications and authenticate identities. See: EU CyberSecurity
- Proactively Protected (P2)
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Proactively planning, designing, building and operating infrastructure prepared for current and future hazards, with raised safety requirements, consideration of complex interdependencies, and commitment to long-term maintenance and investment. See: Principles | Singapore DTSS, Australia Bridge, China Hydraulic
- PUB — Public Utilities Board
- Singapore’s National Water Agency, responsible for the collection, production, distribution, and reclamation of water. Owner and operator of the DTSS. See: Singapore DTSS
- Resilience
- The ability of infrastructure to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and rapidly recover from disruptive events while maintaining essential functions. The central concept of the DIR framework.
- Risk Assessment
- A systematic process for identifying hazards, evaluating their likelihood and consequences, and prioritising mitigation actions. Typically combines spatial, temporal, and economic modelling. See: USA Broward County, Australia Climate
- SCADA — Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
- Industrial control system architecture for monitoring and controlling infrastructure processes such as water treatment, power generation, and transport systems. A key target for cyber threats. See: EU CyberSecurity, Singapore DTSS
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Sharing information and expertise for coordinated benefits through harmonised open standards, collaborative management, clear accountability, enhanced connectivity for information sharing, data safety, and transparent risk-and-return information. See: Principles | USA Broward County, USA Challenger, EU CyberSecurity
- One of the six UNDRR Principles of Resilient Infrastructure (ISO 22372:2025). Developing active engagement, involvement and participation across all levels of society by informing people about disruptions, raising resilience literacy, and encouraging community participation. See: Principles | USA Broward County, China EV Charging, USA Challenger
- SRB — Solid Rocket Booster
- Component of the Space Shuttle launch system. The failure of O-ring seals in the SRB field joints, under cold-temperature conditions, caused the 1986 Challenger disaster. See: USA Challenger
- SVI — Social Vulnerability Index
- CDC index measuring community vulnerability to health hazards using socioeconomic, demographic, and housing data. Used in Broward County to prioritise resilience investments in underserved areas. See: USA Broward County
- TBM — Tunnel Boring Machine
- Heavy mechanical equipment used to excavate tunnels through soil and rock. Used extensively in Singapore DTSS construction for the deep sewer tunnels. See: Singapore DTSS
- UNDRR — United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
- UN body responsible for coordinating efforts to reduce disaster risk worldwide. Publisher of the Handbook for Implementing the Principles for Resilient Infrastructure, which defines the six principles (P1–P6) used throughout this wiki. Contributed to the development of ISO 22372:2025. See: UNDRR Handbook | Principles, Assessment
- UNESCO — UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- UN agency that designated the Dujiangyan Irrigation System as a World Heritage Site in 2000, recognising its outstanding universal value as ancient hydraulic engineering. See: China Hydraulic
- Vulnerability
- The degree to which infrastructure or communities are susceptible to harm from hazards. Determined by exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Reducing vulnerability is a core aim of resilience planning. See: USA Broward County, Australia Climate
- WRP — Water Reclamation Plant
- Facility for treating used water to produce reclaimed water (NEWater) and for safe discharge. Singapore’s three WRPs (Changi, Kranji, Tuas) are connected by the DTSS network. See: Singapore DTSS